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Underground (or “1st rough”) plumbing, also called below-slab or under-slab rough-in, is the first major plumbing phase in new construction or a full kitchen/bath remodel with a concrete foundation. It involves installing all waste, vent, and water supply lines that will be buried beneath the concrete slab before it is poured. Crews trench the compacted dirt, lay scheduled PVC or ABS drain/waste/vent piping (typically 2", 3", and 4" lines) with proper slope, install P-traps and cleanouts, stub up vent pipes through the future walls, and sleeved water supply lines (PEX or copper) with protective sleeves and pressure-tested to 100+ psi. Everything is securely bedded, backfilled, capped, and inspected before the vapor barrier and wire mesh go down. Once the slab is poured, these lines are permanent, so accuracy, code compliance, and thorough testing during this stage are critical to avoid costly repairs later.

Second rough plumbing (also called “top-out” or “rough-in above slab”) is the phase that happens after the home is framed, roofed, and dried-in, but before insulation and drywall. Plumbers install all visible and accessible water supply lines (PEX, copper, or CPVC), drain/waste/vent (DWV) pipes, and fixtures stubs inside the walls, ceilings, and floor joists. This includes running hot and cold supply lines to every sink, shower, tub, toilet, washer, and outdoor hose bib; setting angle stops and stub-outs; installing shower valves, tub spouts, and toilet flanges at exact heights; extending vent pipes through the roof; and connecting everything to the underground rough-in completed earlier. All lines are pressure-tested. water, or smoke test for DWV inspected, and left capped or plugged. Once 2nd rough passes inspection, insulation and drywall can go up, setting the stage for final trim-out after paint. Accurate layout and secure fastening during this stage prevent leaks, noisy pipes, and expensive fixes later.

Final trim-out is the last plumbing phase, performed after drywall, paint, flooring, and cabinets, and countertops are installed. Plumbers return to install all visible fixtures and finishes: kitchen and bathroom faucets, shower heads, tub fillers, toilets, garbage disposals, dishwashers, ice-maker lines, water filtration systems, instant-hot dispensers, pot fillers, and outdoor hose bibs. They mount sinks (undermount, drop-in, or farmhouse), connect supply lines to angle stops, hook up drain assemblies and P-traps, install decorative escutcheon plates, and set toilet tanks with new wax rings and bolts. Every connection is tested for leaks, water pressure is verified, drains are checked for proper flow, and aerators/screens are cleaned. The result is a fully functional, beautiful plumbing system ready for immediate use and final homeowner walkthrough—turning the once-hidden rough-in into the polished, high-performance fixtures buyers and homeowners love.